Decoding DOT Incident Reporting Rules

The DOT doesn’t leave incident reporting to guesswork—there are clear rules on when and how to report hazardous materials incidents. Found in 49 CFR Part 171, Subpart B, these regulations define which events require immediate reporting, which need follow-up documentation, and who’s responsible for filing the report.

§171.15 – Immediate Reporting for Serious Incidents

Some incidents require a call to the National Response Center as soon as possible, including when:

• Someone is killed.
• Someone is hospitalized.
• The public is evacuated for one hour or more.
• A major transportation route or facility is closed for an hour or more.

These high-severity events almost always trigger a DOT inspection. If the incident involves air transport—such as a lithium battery thermal event—you can expect the FAA to get involved quickly.

§171.16 – Detailed Written Reports

For incidents not covered under §171.15, companies must still submit a written incident report within the timelines specified in the regulation. This ensures PHMSA has complete records of hazardous materials events, even if they’re less severe.

Special Permits and Air Transport

If a shipment is moving under a special permit, the permit holder must contact PHMSA for any incident. Air transport incidents carry heightened scrutiny because of their potential safety risks.

Why Understanding the Rules Matters

Knowing these reporting requirements:

• Helps you stay compliant and avoid fines.
• Ensures you respond appropriately to any incident.
• Positions your company as proactive and safety-focused when regulators arrive.

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